Measuring the Risk for Pedestrian Falls on Outdoor Walkways: A Pilot Evaluation Using the Minimum Foot Clearance Estimation System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Falls are the leading cause of injury for older adults, and nearly half of these the result of tripping. Measuring an individual’s minimum foot clearance (MFC), is related to their risk of tripping.The objective of this project was to estimate MFC values from four groups of pedestrians (healthy young, healthy older, unusual gait, mobile device users) on outdoor walkways using a pair of calibrated video cameras positioned near four sites featuring different sizes of abrupt level changes (0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm and 15 mm). Data was analyzed from 160 pedestrians and MFC values ranged from 7.1 mm to 49.2 mm. MFC values for healthy older adults were significantly lower than for healthy young pedestrians and mobile device users. MFC values from 0 mm obstacles were significantly lower than for 5 mm obstacles and MFC for 5 mm obstacles was higher than for 10 mm obstacles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".