Bibliographic record
Abstract
Filamentous fungi present an obstacle during phagocytosis as their hyphae grows to lengths that impede phagosome formation. Thus, macrophages attach to hyphae and form a partial phagocytic cup that is incapable of enclosing into a phagosome. Here, we categorize phagocytic cup attachments and note conventional filament attachment orientations from either pole of the hyphae, with an additional orientation, perpendicular attachment. The phagocytic cup in all orientations consisted of an archetypal phagocytic region at the leading edges containing PI(4,5)P2 followed by an actin-rich domain, with endolysosomal proteins Rab7 and LAMP1 present at the bottom of these phagocytic cups. These results indicate that a maturing phagocytic cup is formed in all three orientations, despite an inability to progress into a phagosome. Further, macrophages obtained everchanging long-term attachment phenotypes consisting of probing, attachment, detachment, or holding. These findings ascertain that macrophages have a dynamic phagocytic response that is tailored to target morphology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".