The Presbyterian Church in Canada's Mission Work for Koreans in Japan 1927-1934: The Beginnig of Partnership Mission
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Presbyterian Church in Canada (PCC) began its mission work to Koreans in Japan in 1927, after turning over the Mission in Korea to the United Church in Canada (UCC) through the negotiation triggered by Church Union in 1925. The majority of Koreans in Japan lived in poverty and were discriminated against by the Japanese. The PCC commission saw their hard life and made an agreement with churches in Korea to found a cooperative mission. This was a significant step toward a partnership mission between “older churches” and “younger churches.” The PCC’s mission work for Koreans in Japan encompassed both evangelism and social action. The missionaries led not only Sunday service and evangelical preaching but also night schools for adults and kindergartens. Korean churches in Japan grew and established an independent denomination in 1934, which was the first step to becoming a strong self-supporting church. The PCC’s mission work for Koreans in Japan was a pioneer model of partnership mission with growing “younger churches” in Korea in the 1920s. Further, this mission work demonstrates that after Church Union, the PCC was not unconcerned about social action. Rather, it sustained comprehensive mission work that encompassed both evangelism and social action.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".