The Impact of Estrogen Status on Skeletal Muscle Lipid Deposition and Insulin Resistance in Females with Metabolic Risk Factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Estrogen influences insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism, and its decline post-menopause or with aromatase inhibitors is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. This study examined insulin sensitivity and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation among sedentary females with cardiometabolic risk factors and differing estrogen status: Pre-menopausal (Pre-M), Post-menopausal (Post-M), and breast cancer (BC) survivors treated with aromatase inhibitors. Oral glucose tolerance tests and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed to assess insulin resistance and fiber-specific IMCL via immunofluorescence. Contrary to our hypotheses, there were no significant differences in insulin resistance between groups. Pre-M showed greater IMCL accumulation in type I and type II fibers compared to Post-M and BC, which may reflect the unexpected higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among Pre-M. To conclude, insulin resistance and IMCL were not influenced by estrogen status in the present study, which may be due to the high prevalence of metabolic risk factors already present among participants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".