The financial impact of hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An incremental cost and cost-effectiveness analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging antibiotic-resistant pathogen in Canadian hospitals associated with significant costs. Nosocomial (hospital-acquired) transmission of MRSA occurs when infection control practices are poor and is largely preventable. In this study, patient specific hospitalization costs were obtained for a cohort of patients with nosocomial MRSA and a matched comparator group of uninfected patients to determine the incremental cost attributable to MRSA. The median total hospitalization cost per nosocomial MRSA patient (colonized and infected) was CAD $14 841, while the corresponding cost for uninfected comparators was $5844, which suggests an incremental cost of $8997 per nosocomial MRSA patient. The incremental cost to prevent a case of nosocomial MRSA was $19.77. The cost-effectiveness ratio can be improved by decreasing hospital length of stay. Should Canadian MRSA rates continue to increase, implementing MRSA control now will prove even more cost-effective in the future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".