Ankylosing spondylitis: the role of infection in etiology and the role of TNF-alpha blockade in therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cytokines such as TNF-α play an important beneficial role in host defense against pathogens, yet play an important pathogenic role in chronic inflammatory joint diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS). This biologic paradox has raised concerns about the safety of therapeutic blockade of TNF-α in this disease. We approached the question of occult infection in the pathogenesis of AS using a case-control study where immune responses of affected and unaffected family members in familial AS were compared. Following this a prospective study of 22 AS patients treated with infliximab was used to evaluate safety and efficacy. No difference in immune responses between affected and unaffected family members was detected thus, providing no evidence supporting K. pneumoniae in the aetiopathogenesis of AS. Infliximab was associated with a significant reduction in AS disease activity. Furthermore, baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) and TNF-α levels were identified as important markers of response to treatment with infliximab.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".