Water Vapour and Ozone: Measuring Key Trace Gases in Challenging Regions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis focuses on characterizing water vapour and ozone in difficult to measure regions using ground-based and space-borne instruments. The regions of interest are the Upper Troposphere - Lower Stratosphere (UTLS), made challenging due to the dynamic and chemical complexity endemic to the region; the Arctic, due to its remoteness and extreme temperatures; and the mesosphere, due to low gas concentrations and the dearth of satellite instruments capable of measuring over its altitude range. The focus on these gases arises from their importance in the atmosphere due to the numerous chemical and climate interactions in which they participate. The first two studies focus on measurements made by PARIS-IR in the Canadian Arctic, with the first focused on developing a novel water vapour product, with emphasis on systematically evaluating different retrieval parameters in order to optimize this new set of water vapour profile estimates. The second is focused on expanding a prior study of eight trace gases with an additional four years of measurements. Both studies involve the comparison of PARIS-IR measurements to coincident trace gas measurements made by other instruments, such as a second ground-based FTIR or ACE-FTS. The third study focuses on water vapour and ozone in the UTLS using the ACE-FTS, MAESTRO, and OSIRIS satellite instruments along with the CMAM39-SD chemistry-climate model. This study involved the creation of zonal-mean multiyear-mean climatologies from measurements made by these satellite instruments, and employed CMAM39-SD as a means of robustly characterizing the differences in these climatologies, free of the influence of measurement sampling patterns. The final study examines mesospheric water vapour from ACE-FTS over solar cycle 24. Herein the response of water vapour to the 11-year solar cycle and dynamical forcers was examined. Emphasis was placed on the trend in mesospheric water vapour and its response to the solar cycle. The trend was found to peak near the mesopause at about 0.6±0.2% per year. Water vapour was found to be anti-correlated over the upper mesosphere with the solar cycle but exhibited a positive response between 50–65 km, and a set of catalytic reactions have been suggested as the potential source of this behaviour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".