Close, but not Quite: Memory Accuracy Across Spatial Frames of Reference in Cognitive Aging
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aging is associated with deficits in spatial memory for object locations across egocentric and allocentric spatial frames of reference. However, little is known about how this age-related decline interacts with cognitive status. In this study, we used desktop virtual reality to compare object location memory across spatial frames of reference in older adults, both healthy and at-risk for mild cognitive impairment, relative to younger adults. A coarse-grained accuracy measure was not sensitive to differences in task performance across frames of reference driven by cognitive status. With a fine-grained measure of accuracy, healthy older adults showed no impairments relative to younger adults except when the task required a switch from an egocentric to an allocentric frame of reference. This condition also failed to differentiate healthy from at-risk older adults. Taken together, these findings provide novel insights into the interaction of cognitive status and aging for spatial memory across frames of reference.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".