Between Inclusion and Exclusion: Neoliberal Multiculturalism in Tamil Toronto
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Scarborough, an inner-city suburb in Toronto, is home to almost 25% of the Tamil Canadian Diaspora. While Canada and the City of Toronto present themselves as benevolent safe havens that have accepted Tamil refugees on “compassionate grounds”, I argue that first-generation Tamil refugees migrating and settling in Scarborough undergo and experience a distinct racial, socio-spatial condition. I apply a neoliberal political economy and neoliberal governmentality lens, rooted in Marxist and Foucauldian perspectives, that detail how neoliberal political economy contributed to the large settlement of Tamils in Scarborough and how neoliberal governmentality expands on the governance of Tamil refugees after they have settled. By engaging with a neoliberal analysis, I aim to reveal the dialectical process of inclusion and exclusion that refugees experience in relation to the national imaginary due to their racial, socio-spatial occupation and presence in Scarborough. I also aim to disrupt and challenge notions of a benevolent Canada that has “accepted” Tamil refugees and immigrants on “compassionate grounds” by intervening with critical perspectives on multiculturalism, immigration, and neoliberalism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.035 | 0.036 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".