Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present study investigates direct shooting and Hermite-Simpson minimum-time approaches to the solar sail trajectory problem. The system consists of combining an Elliptical Restricted N-Body Problem with a solar radiation pressure model to accurately simulate a solar sail with realistic surface optical properties. Once this is done, the solar radiation pressure modified equilibrium points are obtained, which are then used to examine case studies.The transfers to various Lagrangian points and escape of a geostationary orbit have been examined using both methods and practical results have been achieved. Furthermore, multiple sources of nonidealities were introduced in order to yield more accurate results. These include absorption and emission effects that a real sail would experience. The direct shooting method for a given trajectory proved to be more flexible in producing solutions to given problems, especially on long range missions to the solar radiation pressure modified L5 point and beyond. The Hermite-Simpson method proved to be more effective for shorter trajectories, such as the Geostorm and polar observer missions, both in computational speed as well as in obtaining more optimal solutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".