The effect of folate supplementation on folate status and breastmilk folate concentration in lactating women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seventy-two pregnant women were enrolled at 36 wk gestation and upon delivery, randomly assigned to either [6S]-5-methylTHF (416 mug/d) or a placebo or to a FA (400 mug/d) reference group. Despite decreases in red blood cell (RBC) folate levels after partuition among all treatment groups, concentrations remained consistent with a reduction in the risk of NTDs (> 906 mnol/L). At 16 wk postpartum, mean RBC folate of [6S]-5-methylTHF group (2178; 95% CI: 1854, 2559 nmol/L) was greater than FA (1967; 1628, 2377 nmol/L) and placebo group (1390; 1198, 1613 nmol/L). Total milk folate concentrations did not differ among groups, and unmetabolized FA was detected in 96% of milk samples tested at 16-wk. Despite high blood folate concentrations of participants, the predictive ability of blood folate to dietary intake remains weak. Given the confirmed role of folate in the development of neural tube abnormalities, women planning a pregnancy should continue to consume 400 mug/d of supplemental folate regardless of blood folate status. Since use of [6S]-5-methylTHF may reduce the inherent risks associated with FA, supplementation of such should be considered as it appears to be more effective than FA in preserving maternal folate stores and poses no detrimental effects on milk folate levels. Prior to the folic acid (FA, pteroylglutamic acid) fortification program, healthy, lactating women were at risk of folate deficiency. No data, however, have been available evaluating the impact of fortified food supply in this subpopulation. Although suboptimal folate status carries risks, overzealous consumption of FA through fortification and concurrent supplement use is not without harm. Alternatively, availability of the natural diastereoisomer [6 S]-5-methyltetrahydrdofolate ([6S]-5-methylTHF) may present a safer form of folate, and studies have shown it to be as effective as FA in increasing blood folate indexes in nonpregnant, nonlactating adults (1-3). The purpose then of the present study was to evaluate the folate status of lactating women post-FA fortification and compare the effectiveness of supplemental [6S]-5-methylTHF, placebo and FA in maintaining folate status and milk folate concentrations. Further, we evaluated whether blood folate in this sample of women were predictive of their dietary folate intakes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".