Differential effect of macronutrient ingestion on cognitive performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ingestion of high glycemic-index carbohydrate foods results in cognitive deficits in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), yet the mechanisms remain unclear. This thesis distinguished between nutrient-induced increases in glucose, insulin, or cortisol as potential mediators of cognitive dysfunction using pure nutrient drinks differing in their impact on these parameters. On paragraph recall, mediated by the hippocampus, both glucose and protein ingestion resulted in poorer performance 20 to 100 minutes post ingestion in 30 adults with T2DM and these decrements associated with nutrient-induced increases in salivary cortisol. In contrast, protein ingestion enhanced performance on the executive components of Stroop and Trails, which associated with higher post-prandial insulin area under the curve. These results suggest that cognitive performance is not affected equally by nutrient-induced endocrine responses in adults with T2DM. Thus, acute hypercortisolemia may be detrimental to hippocampul-mediated tasks and executive function may be enhanced during periods of acute hyperinsulinemia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".