Seeking Justice in Gender Revolution: He-Yin Zhen's Contributions to Chinese Political Thought
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dissertation studies the life, significance, and theoretical contributions of the Chinese anarcha-feminist He-Yin Zhen, a consequential yet under-studied figure. He-Yin’s journal, Natural Justice, introduced canonical socialist works to China, making her China’s first socialist feminist. An early intersectional thinker, He-Yin’s writings are indispensable for understanding the history of Chinese feminism and socialism, the relationship between feminism and socialism in Chinese political thought, and the international interchange of feminist and anarchist thought. Employing an ideas-in-context methodology, I examine He-Yin’s writings, some of which I translate for the first time, to show that she is an innovative thinker whose transvaluative use of language makes a number of theoretical contributions to late Qing political thought. First, I provide the first English-language biography of He-Yin to document her intellectual development, demonstrate how she has been intellectual suppressed, and defend the theoretical significance of her writings. Second, I argue that whereas the broader Chinese anarchist movement was inconsistent in its advocacy of feminism, He-Yin uniquely synthesized feminism with the anarchist commitments to social revolution and anti-imperialism. Third, I argue that He-Yin’s anarchist commitment to equality leads her, for the first time in Chinese history, to argue for women’s equality as an intrinsic good, thereby rejecting the paradigmatic subsumption of feminism to nationalism in early Chinese feminist debates. Fourth, I argue that He-Yin advances a novel conception of women’s subordination that traces the history and mechanisms of women’s oppression through language, social institutions, and China’s intellectual history. In so doing, He-Yin supplied Chinese feminism with a more comprehensive conception of women’s subordination and a more rigorous model of women’s liberation. In an era intellectually dominated by the realist search for wealth and power, He-Yin stands out for her participation in modern China’s first egalitarian social movement, as a moral-political critic calling attention to the injustices of China’s modernization project, and as China’s foremost theoretician of egalitarian feminism. Studying He-Yin’s political thought deepens our understanding of the depth and diversity of early Chinese feminism and testifies to the transnationality of anarchism and feminism in an era of emerging modernity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".