The Continuum of Immigration Detention in Canada: Experiences, Lasting Impacts and Resistance to Racial and Gendered Oppression in the Lives of Former Detainees
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dissertation examines the experience of immigration detention in the lives of former detainees in Canada and how these lived experiences are racialized and gendered. This dissertation conceptualizes these experiences on a continuum of detention that include experiences of pre-detention, detention and post-release that shape the overall experience of detention. Drawing on ten qualitative interviews with former detainees, this dissertation demonstrates that immigration detention can have a negative and lasting impact on the lives of former detainees regardless of the length of the detention period. Detention also intensifies racial and gender oppression and is consistent with exclusionary citizenship practices. Findings from this study suggest that detention directly involves the oppressive experiences of: (i) criminalization, violence, and surveillance; (ii) children and family separation; and (iii) former detainees’ overall well-being. The research findings also reveal immigration detainees’ agency and their resistance to these overall experiences. This includes the use hunger strikes and storytelling as acts of resistance to challenge the oppressive conditions and practices of detention, and to reclaim their agency and power. This dissertation relies on the analytical frameworks of critical race scholarship, including anti-racist feminism and critical citizenship literature. The data is presented with a view to extending the field of knowledge in the area of immigration detention research, suggesting an analysis of the lived experience of immigration detention in Canada. This is seen from the perspective of former detainees and their interpretation and understanding of their lived experiences and the impact detention has on their lives. The study’s contribution to the existing literature of immigration detention in Canada is threefold. First, it examines the lived experience of detention and its lasting impacts within the Canadian context. Second, using a critical race and anti-racist framework this dissertation demonstrates how the complex relationship of racial and gendered oppression shape detention experiences. Third, the study provides primary research data on former detainees of men and women, whose stories have yet to be qualitatively documented in scholarly research. The study aims to stimulate research into the lived experience of immigration detention with a unique consideration of race and gender.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.056 | 0.020 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".