The nation and national identity in the folk music revival movement of Canada and the United States from 1945 to 1980
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The thesis explores issues of nation and national identity in the folk music revival of the post-war period in America and Canada, with a particular focus on the apex of the movement in the 1960s. The thesis demonstrates that, during the 1960s, the folk revival promoted a vision of nation which was eclectic, regional and pluralist in character. Revivalists celebrated the diversity of the North American continent and were eager to explore its many cultures. One of the principal sources of this interest was the climate of political idealism of the early decade---civil rights and the New Left encouraged a vision of unity in diversity, a vision which was mirrored in the outlook of the folk revival. This eclectic vision would decline by the mid-1960s, however. Folk revival performers were beginning to drift beyond the bounds of the original movement and experiment with electric and rock music styles. Furthermore, external events were pulling Canada and America apart; as America faced a period of severe societal and political crisis, Canada was celebrating its centennial of confederation. Concerns of nationalism crept into Canadian popular music expression, pulling it away from the 'North American dream' of the early decade and the folk revival. American musicians, meanwhile, frequently retreated altogether from politics, and no longer optimistically celebrated the diversity of their country. The pluralistic vision was now on the wane, and those who did perform North American ethnic and regional music styles in the 1970s tended to do so in a spirit of nostalgia and reaction rather than with an optimistic focus on present and future.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.028 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".