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Record W7133087550

Serpentine Mitigation in the Processing of Ultramafic Nickel Ores

2024· dissertation· W7133087550 on OpenAlexfundno aff
S.H. Khan

Bibliographic record

VenueTSpace · 2024
Typedissertation
Language
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicCO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaUniversity of Toronto
KeywordsPentlanditeNickelMineral processingBeneficiationSlurryCarbonationReagentMagnesite
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

With the growing global demand for nickel (Ni) from energy storage and electric vehicles (EVs), and the depletion of high-grade Ni-sulphide ores, attention has turned to low-grade ultramafic sulphide ores as alternative Ni sources. High serpentine content complicates processing, as the serpentine coats the nickel-bearing pentlandite during flotation, reducing the amount of nickel recovery and grade while increasing the slurry viscosity. The overall goal of this thesis is to explore environmentally friendly methods that deal with the challenges posed by serpentine in these ores, including CO2 sequestration in ores through mineralization and using reagents from renewable sources. Initial studies explored the decarbonization of nickel processing by studying mineral interactions in carbonated and uncarbonated model systems followed by froth flotation with an improvement in nickel recovery of 26 and increased grade of 4 wt.%. There was also a decrease in slurry viscosity for the carbonated mineral system from 148 to 2.6 mPa.s. A techno-economic assessment showed that the process feasibility hinges on enhanced carbonation conversions. Further, CO2 mineralization of ore was performed to form magnesite, which demonstrated enhanced nickel separation for carbonated ore. Another approach focused on using renewable cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as a flotation reagent for pentlandite separation from serpentine. At 5-10 mg/g dosage, CNCs aggregated the serpentine particles, and above 20 mg/g, acted as dispersant. The mechanism was analyzed using a quartz crystal microbalance-dissipation (QCM-D). The dispersion enhanced the nickel recovery and grade by 15 and 5 wt.%, respectively. Low CNC dosages covered serpentine partly, causing aggregation as the planes of serpentine have a different charge; high dosages ensured full surface coverage, creating dispersion as all planes have a similar charge. The potential of CNC as a rheology modifier of ore to reduce viscosity and yield stress was also investigated. At a 2.5 mg/g dosage, viscosity and yield stress decreased and this trend was consistent across 30-50 wt.% suspensions. For instance, at 30 wt.%, viscosity rose from 0.12 Pa.s (0 mg/g) to 0.18 Pa.s (1 mg/g), then dropped to 0.10 Pa.s (2.5 mg/g), all at a 1 s-1. This positions CNCs as renewable solution for tailings dewatering, addressing mining's environmental challenges.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.001
Threshold uncertainty score0.002

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.346
Teacher spread0.331 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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