Bibliographic record
Abstract
Indoor organic emissions are crucial regarding public health and air quality concerns. Many indoor emissions stem from solvent evaporation of volatile chemical products (VCPs), a broad class of sources emerging as a significant contributor to urban air pollution as emissions from classic sources like traffic has decreased over the last decades. Studying the effect of indoor physicochemical phenomena on emissions is warranted given the current knowledge gaps. Moreover, characterizing the transfer of indoor species to outdoor air impacting the ambient air quality is noteworthy. This work presents a chemically speciated VCP emission inventory for Canada. I found the modifying impact of indoor physicochemical phenomena was negligible for more than 95% of VCP emissions before their transfer to the outdoor space. Furthermore, my analyses revealed that more than half the total VCPs’ contribution to ambient OH reactivity and secondary organic aerosol formation in major urban areas in Canada between 2012 and 2017 originated from indoor spaces. My investigation of indoor-to-outdoor transport of gaseous emissions by analyzing inlet and exhaust streams of the mechanical ventilation system of a residence in downtown Toronto suggested buildings as critical net sources within urban regions. The calculated net building emission rates were comparable with indoor VCP emission predictions. Per the cannabis indoor air quality impacts, I modeled the distribution of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) emitted from cannabis smoking among indoor compartments. The results showed that THC tends to accumulate on indoor upward-facing surfaces, leaving a small fraction of emissions airborne. I examined the involuntary exposure of passive indoor residents to THC and concluded adults and toddlers tend to uptake THC primarily through inhalation and non-dietary ingestion, respectively. I assessed strategies to mitigate exposure to THC and identified the measures targeting the airborne particles as the most efficient ones. Moreover, my field measurements of cannabis smoking and vaping emissions showed emissions with reduced reactivity and intermediate volatility are prone to be transferred by drug users to secondary indoor spaces. Overall, this work highlights the remarkable role of indoor sources in the whole budget of anthropogenic emissions and their relation to ambient air quality matters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".