Flow Characterization of Jammed Microgels in Straight and Bifurcating Microfluidic Channels in Bioprinting Devices
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Jammed microgels have important implications in bioprinting applications. Characterizing flow of jammed microgels within confined channel is important to understand the flow behavior under different conditions and identify potential sources affecting uniform deposition. Using microfluidic-based channels and PIV approach, the velocity profile in the straight and single-level bifurcation channels are measured under different conditions. Velocity profile of jammed microgels in straight channel is impacted by wall roughness and the viscosity of the continuous phase solution, and in bifurcating branches, it is asymmetrical with a velocity gradient near the inner wall. Near bifurcation junction, the velocity profile shows a peak-valley-peak pattern which implies the presence of a stagnation zone. In addition, the volume fraction of microgels is studied to determine its consistency. From these experiments, the potential sources for non-uniform distribution through bifurcating channels can be identified, thus establishing the groundwork in developing a design rule for bifurcating distribution systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".