The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Healthcare and Caregiving Access among Community-dwelling Adults Living with Spinal Cord Injury in Southwestern Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Restrictions implemented during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may disproportionately affect healthcare and caregiving access among individuals living with disabilities. A unique longitudinal survey was used to examine changes to healthcare and caregiving access among community-dwelling adults living with spinal cord injury (SCI) in southwestern Ontario, Canada before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this research demonstrated that most of the participants were able to access virtual care, but not in-person healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Longer time since injury was associated with accessing in-person healthcare services and attending all scheduled appointments. A large proportion of participants reported increased spousal participation in caregiving services early during the pandemic and understaffed formal caregiving agencies. Findings from the current study highlight the need for improved healthcare and caregiving access for individuals living with SCI during the COVID-19 pandemic and can be used to inform ongoing and future pandemic responses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".