Acoustic occurrence of North Atlantic Right Whales (Eubalaena glacialis) from 2017-2022 off Nova Scotia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to summarize the occurrence of North Atlantic right whale (NARW) upcalls on passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) datasets that have been collected by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Maritimes Region from November 2017- September 2022. Throughout this period, acoustic data were collected from 27 sites off Nova Scotia, including multiyear data collection from the Grand Manan Basin and Roseway Basin NARW Critical Habitat areas. Confirmed acoustic presence of NARW at all recording sites analyzed as part of this study supports that NARW occur over a broad geographical range in eastern Canadian waters. On-shelf sites had higher upcall presence than slope sites, suggesting the Scotian Shelf is likely to be an important movement corridor for NARW. Upcall presence was highest in Grand Manan and Roseway Basins, indicating that these areas remain important habitats for NARW off Nova Scotia. Relatively high upcall presence in Emerald Basin indicates that this area is also commonly used by NARW. Upcalls were present in the Cabot Strait throughout summer and fall, but further data collection is required to more fully understand how NARW use this area. This study also demonstrates that NARW occur in waters off Nova Scotia throughout the year. In general, upcall presence was lowest in winter (though calls were still detected at multiple sites over multiple days in this season), increased over spring and summer, and was highest in fall. This study demonstrates the value of PAM for assessing occurrence of NARW in the region throughout the year, including during periods when weather makes visual survey efforts very challenging. PAM data not only complements visual sightings data, but in some cases provides more extensive or new information on presence of this species that could not be achieved from visual survey efforts. This information will be used to inform a revised NARW Recovery Potential Assessment (RPA), and a new assessment of NARW important habitat off eastern Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".