Consumption of Northern contingent Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) by various predators
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Atlantic mackerel is a forage fish species preyed upon by various predators, including seabirds, pinnipeds, cetaceans, tuna and groundfish. We assessed the potential order of magnitude of total mackerel consumed by each of these groups, and any change therein. This is a first step to incorporate ecosystem considerations within the mackerel stock assessment and inform assumptions on the natural mortality rate. We concluded that an ensemble of predators is likely driving overall natural mortality patterns, with apparent changes in the relative contribution of each predator group over time. The reliability of consumption estimates varied between predators, but there was indication that overall absolute removals might have increased over time, despite possibly large interannual variations. Depending on the functional response between each predator and mackerel density, this increase could translate into a rise in the natural mortality rate, as estimated spawning stock biomass has been below or near the limit reference point since 2011. The likely increase in mackerel consumption is also inverse to changes in fishery landings; during the 10 last years (2012-2021) mackerel consumption by predators became likely at least twice as high as reported Canadian landings (<11 kt).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".