2023 Travellers’ Risk Perceptions, Attitudes and Preferences Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This public opinion research report assesses how attitudes and perception of health risk has changed for Canadians travelling abroad between 2019 and 2023. It evaluates whether travellers have adjusted their travel habits since the onset of COVID-19, particularly their health preparation, and gathers information on where travellers are seeking travel health advice (if at all). BACKGROUND: In 2019, the Public Health Agency of Canada conducted a public opinion research survey of travellers to non-U.S. international destinations. Since this time, the COVID-19 border measures implemented in Canada and across the globe may have changed how travellers perceive risk and what actions they take to protect their health. The 2023 public opinion research provided an assessment of current attitudes and practices regarding planned travel. METHOD: Quantitative research: 3,200 Canadians who had recently or intended to travel to an international destination were surveyed online between April 18 and May 5, 2023. Qualitative research: 65 Canadians across six (6) online focus groups held between August 28-30, 2023. All participants had travelled outside of Canada within the past 12 months and/or had plans to travel outside of Canada in the next 12 months.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".