Integrated geospatial-geochemical catchment analysis of Newfoundland stream waters draining endmember silicate bedrock types (ultramafic-mafic rocks vs. granite)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The dissolved inorganic element chemistry of stream waters is a reflection of local bedrock composition, but also other catchments properties such as hydrology, surficial geology, vegetation/soil type, and elevation. Studies from small hydrological catchments with a singular or restricted range of bedrock type(s) are ideal for isolating geologic controls on water chemistry from other physicochemical and environmental controls. This study assesses dissolved major, trace, and rare earth element data from streams at two study sites within the same (boreal) climate zone of Newfoundland that each drain a silicate-endmember bedrock composition: (1) Bay of Islands in western Newfoundland draining an ophiolite sequence of mafic/ultramafic bedrock, and (2) Burin Peninsula draining a large Devonian carboniferous granite pluton (St. Lawrence granite) that hosts fluorite mineralization. Through integrating geochemical data with geospatially quantified catchment property data, this study has isolated the elements most strongly controlled by: bedrock geology (Mg, Cr, Ni in ultramafic rock streams; Cs, Rb in granite streams; contrasting REE abundances and Eu anomalies); weathering/soil/vegetation effects and associated flux of dissolved organic matter to streams (K, Co, Ce anomalies); and short temporal events or local geological features such as the fluorite mineralization (elevated element flux, high Y/Ho). Several of these more local water chemical features were traceable into larger catchment areas of Newfoundland major rivers. The low-abundance trace element data are the first to be reported for any Newfoundland surface water and have exposed this research approach as useful to trace boreal catchment dynamics through the lens of trace element geochemistry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".