Baldios, communal land, and the Portuguese colonial legacy in Timor-Leste
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter explores, from a socio-legal perspective, the Portuguese colonial land legacy in legal language and political thought in Timor-Leste through the concept of <em>baldio</em>. To do so, the chapter establishes a parallel between the uses of the word <em>baldio </em>in both Portugal and Timor-Leste and discusses the ideological views that surround the various uses of this multi-dimensional concept, with definitions ranging from communal to abandoned land. In other words, I consider whether the ideology of a colonial administration is passed on through legal language, whether legal language is passed on through ideology, or something else or in between. To this end, the chapter reflects on two interconnected questions: First, to what extent does (legal) language work as “imperial debris” and promote the perpetuation of colonial legacies regarding land-related policies? Second, to what extent can a look at the national land-related laws and policies of colonial powers provide a complementary view of colonial practices related to the exploitation of resources, and therefore a better understanding of those colonial legacies?
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".