Baldios, communal land, and the Portuguese colonial legacy in Timor-Leste
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This chapter explores, from a socio-legal perspective, the Portuguese colonial land legacy in legal language and political thought in Timor-Leste through the concept of baldio. To do so, the chapter establishes a parallel between the uses of the word baldio in both Portugal and Timor-Leste and discusses the ideological views that surround the various uses of this multi-dimensional concept, with definitions ranging from communal to abandoned land. In other words, I consider whether the ideology of a colonial administration is passed on through legal language, whether legal language is passed on through ideology, or something else or in between. To this end, the chapter reflects on two interconnected questions: First, to what extent does (legal) language work as “imperial debris” and promote the perpetuation of colonial legacies regarding land-related policies? Second, to what extent can a look at the national land-related laws and policies of colonial powers provide a complementary view of colonial practices related to the exploitation of resources, and therefore a better understanding of those colonial legacies?
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".