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Record W7134107550 · doi:10.17721/1812-5409.2025/2.29

Architecture of a social media bot detection system

2025· article· W7134107550 on OpenAlexaff
M. M. Makhno, O. M. Fedorus, Maksym Veremchuk

Bibliographic record

VenueBulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Series Physics and Mathematics · 2025
Typearticle
Language
FieldComputer Science
TopicSoftware System Performance and Reliability
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMicroservicesScalabilityOrchestrationArchitectureSoftware architectureArchitectural patternSoftwareSystems architectureSoftware systemData processing

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Modern information systems require efficient architectures to ensure high performance, scalability, and reliability. This article presents an approach to system architecture design that incorporates the latest technological solutions and methods for optimizing the processing of large data sets. The paper proposes an original architecture of a bot detection system based on the microservices paradigm and modern data processing techniques. Unlike existing solutions, the proposed system does not aim to develop a radically new classification method but focuses on the effective integration of well-established approaches within a unified architecture. The advancement of information technologies requires the development of architectural solutions that guarantee high performance and reliability of software systems. With the increasing volume of data and growing demands for processing speed, traditional architectural approaches require refinement. Research in this field is important for software developers and system architects. The aim of this study is to develop an architectural concept that meets modern requirements for performance, scalability, and security. The main objectives include analyzing existing approaches, identifying their advantages and drawbacks, and designing an efficient architecture that minimizes resource consumption and increases data processing speed. The study employed methods of architectural analysis, system modeling, performance testing, and comparative evaluation of different approaches. For the implementation of the architecture, modern technologies were used, including the microservices paradigm, containerization, and distributed computing. The proposed architecture improves system performance by optimizing request processing and distributing workloads across services. The use of containerization and orchestration enables flexible scalability and enhances system stability. Performance analysis has shown reduced request processing latency and efficient utilization of server resources. The developed architecture has proven its effectiveness in test environments and can be applied to high-load systems. Future research directions include the integration of artificial intelligence for automatic scaling and service optimization, as well as studying the impact of different caching strategies on overall system performance.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.673
Threshold uncertainty score0.949

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.007
GPT teacher head0.187
Teacher spread0.180 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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