Collective action of workers and economic freedoms : essay upon an encounter in national and supranational legal orders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L’action collective des travailleurs - qu’on désigne ordinairement en France par le terme de grève - fait l’objet d’un traitement juridique diversifié, aussi bien au niveau national que supranational. A la suite des arrêts Viking et Laval, rendus en 2007 par la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne, les régimes nationaux et supranationaux de l’action collective sont amenés à évoluer du fait de leur rencontre avec les libertés économiques, au premier rang desquelles figurent la liberté d’établissement et la libre prestation de services. L’étude de ces évolutions requiert la combinaison de deux perspectives. Dans une perspective historique et descriptive, il s’agit d’examiner ces régimes pour en saisir la construction. A cette fin, l’outil choisi est celui de la comparaison juridique, comparaison qui s’effectue à un double niveau : national (droit français et droit anglais) et supranational (droit de l’OIT et droit du Conseil de l’Europe). C’est dans une perspective plus dynamique que l’étude porte ensuite sur les interactions de ces régimes avec les libertés économiques.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.033 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".