2023 PREDICT Dataset
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PREDICT includes statistics on ICT industries and their R&D in Europe since 2006. The project covers major world competitors including 40 advanced and emerging countries: the EU27 plus United Kingdom, Norway, Russia and Switzerland in Europe; Canada, the United States and Brazil in the Americas; China, India, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan in Asia; and Australia. The dataset provides indicators in a wide variety of topics, including value added, employment, labour productivity and business R&D expenditure (BERD), distinguishing fine grain economic activities in ICT industries (up to 22 individual activities, 14 of which at the class level, i.e. at 4 digits in the ISIC/NACE classification), media and content industries (15 activities, 11 of them at 4 digit level) and at a higher level of aggregation for all the other industries in the economy. It also produces data on R&D expenditure. Nowcasting of more relevant data in these domains is also performed for the last two years, while time series go back to 1995. ICTs determine competitive power in the knowledge economy. The ICT sector alone accounts for almost one fourth of total Business expenditure in R&D (BERD) for the aggregate of the 40 economies under scrutiny in the project. It also has a huge enabling role for innovation in other technological domains. This is reflected at the EU policy level, where the Digital Agenda for Europe in 2010 was identified as one of the seven pillars of the Europe 2020 Strategy for growth in the Union; the achievement of a Digital Single Market (DSM) is one of the 10 political priorities set by the Commission since 2015; “A Europe fit for the digital age” is identified as one of the six European Commission priorities for the years 2019-2024; and digitalisation made a core part of the post-COVID-19 European recovery plan.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.063 | 0.096 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".