Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: The journey of a nineteenth-century piece of coal from the earth to the hearth created many distinctive jobs, from keelmen to basket men, coal whippers, coal backers, coal heavers, coal higglers, and more. In the age of steam, half of all workers handled coal. They reveal the coal regime to be a logistical network. Passing through so many hands, coal was constantly in transit, arriving and departing as it flowed from mines throughout the world and burned in industrial and domestic furnaces, in buildings, and on ships. Studying coal's circulation reveals the regime's reliance on an intensifying mode of logistical power, the forceful strategies by which states, corporations, and militaries manage the geography of capitalism. Throughout the nineteenth century, coal became both a highly sought-after product moved by logistics and a key component of logistical power. Coal was the fuel, and steam the energy, of the nineteenth-century British Empire. While the coal miner has a long, dense history within scholarship focused on working-class production, the coal handler as distributor or logistics worker does not. This essay briefly describes the rise of coal's logistical networks before turning to popular literary and visual representations of coal handlers to illuminate the social logics of coal's energetic regime.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".