Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines regional and grammatical effects on the English particle verb alternation. We report on a judgment experiment and a Twitter corpus study designed to address Hughes et al.’s (2005) claim that the continuous order is favored in Scotland while the discontinuous order is favored in Southern England. The results from both the acceptability judgment study and the Twitter corpus revealed no support for a North-South difference across UK dialects, but instead show a trans-Atlantic difference: respondents from the UK and Ireland favored discontinuous orders while US and Canadian participants favored continuous orders. Based on a preliminary analysis of historical corpus data, we speculate that this difference reflects change toward an innovative discontinuous order that has proceeded more quickly in Old World dialects than in North America. Other effects tested in the judgment study were the information-structural factor of object givenness, which did not prove significant, and the prosodic factor of object weight, which had the anticipated negative effect on the discontinuous order while also showing an unexpected positive effect on the continuous order.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.023 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".