Bibliographic record
Abstract
in English language: This thesis deals with the political and economic development of the Kingdom of Hanover as an example of a medium-sized state in the German Confederation. In addition to its relationship with Great Britain, with which was Hanover associated in personal union in the years 1714-1837, a new definition of relations between these states before 1866 and the annexation of Hanover by Prussia are also discussed, as well as the impact of the significant events in Europe in that time on the functioning of the Guelph domain. Closer to be discussed are the personalities of British Queen Victoria and Hanoverian King and Duke of Cumberland Ernest August, who were key actors at the end of the personal union in 1837, and in addressing the sensitive political issues that followed. Apart from the emphasis on political history, this thesis also deals with economic history, primarily in connection with Hanover's relationship with the German Customs Association (Zollverein). This institution, guarded by Prussia, represented to Hanover in certain stages of its development as an independent kingdom, first of all, competition and then a path to the short-term solution of its internal problems. Above all, however, this was one of the many situations where Hanoverian interests clashed with the interests...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.026 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".