Acknowledging alternative perceptions of success among internally displaced Palestinian women entrepreneurs: An intersectional perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study addresses the misrepresentation of women entrepreneurs in scientific research as underperformers based on objective, financial measures in defining success. The aim is to understand how perceptions of entrepreneurial success are shaped with heed to contextual considerations of the lives of internally displaced people (IDPs) by looking at Palestinian women entrepreneurs running businesses in the West Bank region of the Palestinian Territories. To this end, the subjective nature of success is demonstrated with reference to the critical realist positional approach to intersectionality, emphasising how success is shaped by: (i) overlapping identity categorizations of gender, ethnicity, and social class (intersectionality); (ii) historical and contemporary influence of patriarchy and military occupation (temporal positionality); (iii) city or refugee camp as business location (spatial positionality); and (iv) how disadvantage and privilege are perceived in light of their circumstances (transfactuality). The results of this study emerging from data collected from a sample of IDP Palestinian women entrepreneurs encourages policy-makers and financial institutions to acknowledge and appreciate alternative non-financial measures of success influencing decisions to support IDP Palestinian women entrepreneurs who can make a significant impact on the well-being of their society without having an outstandingly financial success.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".