"These are citizens of our country. We are their servants." A case study of Pierre Poilievre as an example of growing Canadian populism within the framework of Cas Mudde's scholarship
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As scholars who have studied populism in the Canadian context have noted, Canada has previously held a false sense of immunity to the rise of populism due its multiculturalism that was seen as a barrier for the traditional xenophobic and culturally exclusive values of populist politicians in other Western democracies. Forms of populism that have arisen in Canada have taken the form of "neoliberal populism", an ideology rooted in fiscal conservatism and the belief that less government intervention is better. However, the election of Pierre Poilievre as leader of the Federal Conservative party has indicated a shift in the political spectrum, that populism is gaining traction on a mainstream level. As Cas Mudde has written about in his literature on populism, the mainstream media play an active role in shaping the discourse around populists, often giving them more air time due to their sensationalist behaviour that make for viral soundbites. So how has the Canadian media responded to Poilievre, and how does the political alignment of media impact the coverage he gets? This study will seek to answer these questions and provide insights into how the Canadian media may contribute to further political polarisation in society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.056 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".