Diplomatic and Technical: The International Joint Commission and the Politics of Infrastructure in the Lower Detroit River 1912–1917
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In October 1912, the Livingstone Channel—a humanmade canal within the Detroit River—was finally inaugurated. However, underneath the seemingly calm waters ran a bedeviling crosscurrent spooking ship captains and ship owners. Even before the channel was complete, both the United States and Canada had referred the matter to the newly formed International Joint Commission (IJC). In the hearings that followed, the Commission heard both sides, communicated with the public and media, and considered design alleviatory interventions without upsetting anyone. The hearings and subsequent action offer new insights to better understand the Commission we have inherited. This article shows how the IJC came to define its organizational niche, its zone of influence, as well as the techno-infrastructural diplomacy within Canada-U.S. bilateral relations. This episode shows that today’s oft-portrayed friendly, “North American” environmental relations are the product of decades of work by the Commission.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".