Cold-water Immersion Impairs Power Earlier than Strength Through Time-Dependent Reductions in Intramuscular Temperature in Human Dorsiflexor Muscles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to investigate the time- and intramuscular temperature-dependent changes in neuromuscular function throughout 1 h of cold-water immersion (CWI) at 10°C. It was hypothesized that acute CWI (<30 min) would not affect neuromuscular function due to limited reductions in intramuscular temperature, whereas prolonged CWI (>30 min) would impair muscle contractility by drastically reducing intramuscular temperature. METHODS: Twelve healthy participants (nine males and three females) partook in a randomized crossover design study involving 1-h CWI at 10°C of their lower leg, with three experimental visits consisting of 1) 1-h CWI at 10°C (CWI-only), 2) nonfatiguing exercise followed by 1-h CWI at 10°C to mimic the use of postexercise CWI (Ex + CWI), and 3) passive muscle preheating followed by 1-h CWI at 10°C (Heat + CWI). Skin temperature, intramuscular temperature, and neuromuscular function were periodically assessed in the dorsiflexors throughout the 1 h of CWI. RESULTS: Decreased peak power was observed after 10 min of CWI, CWI-only (50.3 ± 16.0%, P < 0.05), Ex + CWI (55.0 ± 18.3%, P < 0.05), and Heat + CWI (62.0 ± 16.8%, P < 0.05), whereas maximal isometric torque decreased after ≥30 min of CWI, CWI-only (81.1 ± 9.1%, P < 0.05), Ex + CWI (86.6 ± 14.3%, P < 0.05), and Heat + CWI (88.7 ± 10.0%, P < 0.05). Decreases in M-wave peak-to-peak amplitude, 50-Hz torque, and postactivation potentiation were only evident following prolonged CWI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight that peak power is more sensitive to reductions in intramuscular temperature than maximal isometric strength, reflecting a time- and temperature-dependent effect on skeletal muscle function.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".