Optical and Aerial RISs-Enabled Hybrid FSO/RF Space-Air-Ground Integrated Network
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) are revolutionizing wireless communications by integrating space, aerial, and terrestrial networks, providing global connectivity, aiding underserved regions, and enabling 6G applications. This paper proposes a dual reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs)-assisted cooperative hybrid free space optical (FSO)/ radio frequency (RF) communication framework for SAGINs to address the reliable communications challenges. The framework integrates an optical RIS on a low Earth orbit satellite and an RF aerial RIS, enhancing FSO link performance and mitigating RF line-of-sight blockages. The system uses selection combining to dynamically choose the stronger signal between FSO and RF links, ensuring robust communication in varying conditions. We derive analytical expressions for key performance metrics such as outage probability, average symbol error rate, and ergodic capacity, considering pointing errors and atmospheric turbulence effects on the FSO link. Simulation results verify the analytical derivations, highlighting the critical role of RISs in enhancing the system performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".