The codification of Shari'ah : reflections on some points of rather recent history of Islamic legal culture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Codifi er la chari'a.Réfl exions sur quelques points de l'histoire assez récente de la culture juridique islamique I. En 1938, le professeur à l'École française de droit de Beyrouth et futur président de la Cour de cassation libanaise, Choucri Cardahi, a fait une remarque frappante sur l'évolution de la culture juridique des pays islamiques : Tout le monde sait qu'aujourd'hui, le Droit occidental tend à se substituer à la loi coranique dans les contrées musulmanes.En dehors de la Turquie qui, elle, a réalisé la laïcisation complète des ses codes, l'Égypte, toutes les colonies et pays de protectorat français : Algérie, Tunisie, Maroc, Sénégal, Soudan, la Syrie, le Liban, les Indes anglaises, la Palestine, etc., sont aujourd'hui régies par les normes européennes 1 .
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.034 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".