Smallpox prevention in Portugal during the mid-19th century (1834-1851)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
O propósito deste artigo é de aferir o estado da vacinação em Portugal no segundo quartel do século XIX, mais concretamente na fase de implantação da nova monarquia constitucional, numa análise das formas como se processavam os mecanismos de prevenção da varíola. O estudo é desenvolvido, procurando enquadrar as políticas e práticas vacínicas portuguesas no contexto europeu, a partir de documentação produzida pelo Conselho de Saúde Pública, entidade responsável pelas políticas sanitárias na época. A pesquisa centrou-se nas publicações dos Annaes do Conselho de Saúde Pública do Reino entre 1838 e 1842, e no trabalho efetuado por Neves e Melo, diretor da Instituição Vacínica e coordenador das políticas de vacinação em Portugal, entre 1846 e 1851. Na sequência da investigação efetuada, conclui-se que as práticas vacínicas em Portugal estavam bastante aquém das realizadas em estados europeus mais desenvolvidos, apesar do esforço realizado pelas autoridades sanitárias portuguesas para melhorar a situação. The purpose of this article is to assess the state of vaccination in Portugal in the second quarter of the 19th century, specifically during the consolidation of the new constitutional monarchy, by analysing the ways in which smallpox prevention mechanisms were implemented. The study endeavours to frame Portuguese vaccination policies and practices in the European context, based on documentation produced by the national Public Health Council, the body responsible for health policies at the time. The research centred on the publications of the Annaes do Conselho de Saúde Pública do Reino between 1838 and 1842, and on the work carried out by Neves e Melo, director of the Instituição Vacínica and coordinator of vaccination policies in Portugal between 1846 and 1851. It was concluded that vaccination practices in Portugal were well below those in more developed European states, despite the efforts made by the Portuguese health authorities to improve the situation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".