Habitat characteristics of <em>Botrychium</em> species in the Castle Region, Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Moonwort (Botrychium Swartz) is a genus of ferns found in high diversity in the Rocky Mountains of southwestern Alberta, Canada. These small, cryptic plants are thought to prefer disturbed areas, such as trail sides. However, this idea may result from survey bias toward accessible areas near trails, or greater ease of spotting these plants in barren areas. Castle Provincial Park and Castle Wildland Provincial Park (CCWPP) are 2 recently established protected areas within this global hotspot of Botrychium diversity. Prior to 2018, provincial and international databases included only 30 records of Botrychium throughout CCWPP. Therefore, their frequency in the parks and their habitat preferences are not well understood. We used new records from the Castle region plus online herbarium records to build a genus-level species distribution model (SDM) and surveyed 24 sites of varying predicted suitability at least 100 m from trails. We then used all known records, including new records gathered during vegetation surveys, to assess habitat associations of any Botrychium species found throughout CCWPP. Botrychium occurred in a wide variety of vegetation types, with some species limited to one vegetation type. Overall, most Botrychium occurrences were on south-facing slopes, in grassland vegetation, 10–100 m away from official marked trails. We discovered 7 new occurrences in surveys at least 100 m from trails. Although 6 of the 7 new off-trail occurrences were found at sites with >40% suitability, the SDM was not a significant predictor of Botrychium occurrence. Our results show that Botrychium occurs across a wide range of vegetation types, topographic conditions, and proximity to trails and there are likely many undiscovered populations in CCWPP.Moonwort (Botrychium Swartz) es un género de helechos de gran diversidad en las Montañas Rocosas del suroeste de Alberta. Se cree que estas plantas pequeñas y crípticas prefieren las zonas perturbadas, como los márgenes de los senderos. Sin embargo, esto puede deberse a un sesgo del estudio hacia zonas accesibles cerca de senderos, o a una mayor facilidad para detectar estas plantas en zonas estériles. Castle Provincial Park y Castle Wildland Provincial Park (CCWPP) son 2 áreas protegidas recientemente establecidas dentro de este punto caliente global de diversidad de Botrychium. Sin embargo, antes de 2018, las bases de datos provinciales e internacionales incluían solo 30 registros de Botrychium en todo el CCWPP. Por lo tanto, su frecuencia en los parques y sus preferencias de hábitat no se conocen bien. Utilizamos nuevos registros de la región de Castle más registros de herbario en línea para construir un modelo de distribución de especies a nivel de género (SDM) y encuestamos 24 sitios de idoneidad predicha variable a al menos 100 m de los senderos. A continuación, utilizamos todos los registros conocidos, incluidos los nuevos registros recopilados durante los estudios de vegetación, para evaluar las asociaciones de hábitat de cualquier especie de Botrychium encontrada en el CCWPP. Botrychium se encontraba en una amplia variedad de tipos de vegetación, con algunas especies limitadas a un tipo de vegetación. Sin embargo, en general, la mayoría de los casos de Botrychium se encontraban en laderas orientadas al sur, en vegetación de pastizales, a una distancia de entre 10 m y 100 m de los senderos oficiales señalizados. Descubrimos 7 nuevos ejemplares en muestreos realizados al menos a 100 m de los senderos. Aunque 6 de las 7 nuevas apariciones fuera de los senderos se encontraron en lugares con una idoneidad superior al 40%, el SDM no fue un predictor significativo de la aparición de Botrychium. Nuestros resultados muestran que Botrychium está presente en una amplia gama de tipos de vegetación, condiciones topográficas y proximidad a senderos, y es probable que existan muchas poblaciones por descubrir en el CCWPP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".