Mental Health and Brain Structure and Function in Individuals with a History of Paediatric Concussion: Insights from Large-Scale Datasets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concussions are a growing concern among adolescents and youth, with many experiencing long-lasting emotional and behavioural problems. While symptoms after concussion resolve within four weeks for most, many individuals report persistent symptoms, with a higher prevalence among females. These problems can have a significant impact on their daily lives. Growing evidence indicates concussions are associated with mental health problems, however, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Given that adolescence and youth are sensitive periods for white matter maturation, behavioral development, and the onset of mental health conditions, further research on emotional and behavioural problems after concussion is warranted in this population. This thesis focuses on two broadband domains of emotional and behavioural problems: internalizing problems and externalizing problems.To investigate whether long-lasting emotional and behavioural problems after concussion are pre-existing or a result of injury to the brain, Study 1 used longitudinal pre- and post-concussion data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study, a publicly available dataset of children aged 9 to 10 years at baseline and 11 to 12 years old at the two-year follow-up. The results showed female children with concussion had increased internalizing emotional problems post-concussion, which were associated with less maturation of superficial white matter fibers. Since Study 1 was done in a community sample, which may underrepresent clinical outcomes, Study 2 examined youth seeking mental health care from the Toronto Adolescent and Youth Cohort Study, a longitudinal mental health study of 1500 youth aged 11 to 24 years. This study compared youth with and without a history of concussion on emotional and behavioural problems, white matter microstructure, and cerebral blood flow. The results showed youth with a history of concussion had higher internalizing and externalizing behaviour scores, which may be associated with altered microstructure of the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. Together, the studies presented in this thesis provide evidence for long-lasting emotional and behavioural problems after concussion, in both a community sample and in youth seeking mental health care. Both studies identify white matter microstructure as a potential neurobiological mechanism underlying this relationship.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".