Wideband Directional Coupling Structures Based on Ridge Gap Waveguide Technology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Directional couplers play a crucial role in microwave and millimeter-wave systems by enabling precise directive sampling while maintaining key performance requirements such as wide bandwidth and flat coupling. Multi-hole couplers, which feature two inline waveguides coupled through their broad or narrow walls, are commonly used to achieve wide bandwidth, flat coupling, and high directivity. Crossguide directional couplers are another widely used configuration in measurement applications. Crossguide directional couplers offer a more compact solution and are easy to manufacture. These features promote the aforementioned topologies in a wide range of applications. However, high-frequency operation introduces several challenges, particularly in waveguide structures where maintaining proper electrical contact is crucial. Moreover, printed structure implementations of directional couplers suffer from high insertion losses, which can significantly impact system efficiency. Addressing these challenges requires an alternative host guiding structure to enhance performance while maintaining compactness and manufacturability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".