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Record W7142075354 · doi:10.5281/zenodo.19291769

Quando os fios se entrelaçam, se desenha a trama das construções modernas

2016· article· pt· W7142075354 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Maria Luiza Macedo Xavier de Freitas

Bibliographic record

VenueZenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · 2016
Typearticle
Languagept
FieldEngineering
TopicArchitecture, Modernity, and Design
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsOrder (exchange)Work (physics)Yield (engineering)Population

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Resumo: Há algum tempo, a historiografia da arquitetura brasileira começou a se interessar pelas relações e pelos intercâmbios de conhecimentos entre os países do continente americano, indo além das leituras que conectavam o Brasil com países europeus como França, Inglaterra e Itália. Buscou-se, primeiro, aquelas existentes entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos, descobrindo-se os mais diversos meios de contatos, não apenas limitados ao período da e do após Segunda Guerra (1938-1945), que ocorriam desde meados do século XIX, entre os profissionais da construção como engenheiros, construtores e arquitetos, seja na procura por uma formação mais atual e pragmática nas universidades norte-americanas, seja pela marcação de uma tendência de crescimento das cidades brasileiras (os arranha-céus), seja pela entrada de mercadorias industrializadas. Todas essas trocas têm em comum a política da boa vizinhança, que não se tratava de uma via de mão única. Segundo, no âmbito dessa política, os Congressos Pan-Americanos de Arquitetos foram uma iniciativa dos arquitetos uruguaios de organizar a categoria e promover o debate dos problemas correntes e comuns, abrangendo desde os países da América do Norte (EUA, Canadá e México), como aqueles da do Sul, como Brasil, Chile, Argentina e Peru. Essas conexões, entretanto, possuem uma complexidade maior ao incluir neste cenário as grandes empresas construtoras especializadas no sistema construtivo do concreto armado. O enredamento dessas subentende a apreensão de uma troca articulada entre o continente europeu e o americano, bem como entre os países americanos. De origem alemã ou dinamarquesa, essas construtoras empreenderam obras que marcaram a paisagem das principais cidades dos países que estudamos a modernização: Buenos Aires (Argentina) e Rio de Janeiro (Brasil). Para tanto, elegemos duas companhias: Christiani & Nielsen (Dinamarca) e GEOPÉ (Alemanha), sendo tomada como fio condutor desse trabalho para a compreensão da arquitetura como premissa técnica, decorrente do diálogo entre o arquiteto e o engenheiro. Investiga-se, através da atuação de grandes firmas construtoras no Brasil na Argentina, o desenvolvimento de novos sistemas construtivos, em particular do concreto armado, como um dos fatores protagonistas da modernização da arquitetura entre 1920 e 1940. A modernização urbana teve como características: a concentração das principais atividades modernas nos núcleos urbanos, a reforma dos espaços das cidades para adequá-las aos novos labores e a mudança da percepção ambiental através de novos meios de comunicação, transporte e infraestrutura. A fundamentação desse cenário permite nos abarcar o processo de inserção das construtoras estrangeiras na América do Sul, em particular os casos do Brasil e da Argentina. Essas firmas especializadas no sistema construtivo eram verdadeiros campos de experimentação e, consequentemente, de formação de profissionais capazes de criar nova estética advinda da técnica. A atuação de alguns desses profissionais vem sendo tratada por outros trabalhos, mas uma lacuna permanece: o papel das empresas construtoras na modernização da arquitetura. Com base no estudo de acervos, como o da construtora de origem dinamarquesa Christiani & Nielsen e de empresas construtoras de origem alemãs atuantes na Argentina e no Brasil, este artigo busca denotar, além dos já descritos, que quando os fios se entrelaçam, se desenha uma trama da construção moderna calcada nos princípios do concreto armado. Abstract: For some time, the Brazilian architecture historiography began to be interested in the relationships and the exchange of knowledge between countries in the Americas, going beyond the readings that connected Brazil with European countries like France, England and Italy. It attempted to first, those existing between Brazil and the United States, discovering that the various means of contacts, not just limited to the period of and after World War II (1938-1945), which took place from the mid-nineteenth century among building professionals such as engineers, builders and architects, is in search for a more current and pragmatic training in US universities, either by marking a growing trend of Brazilian cities (skyscrapers) or by entry industrialized goods. All these changes have in common the policy of good neighborliness, that it was not a one-way street. Second, under that policy, the Pan-American Congress of Architects were an initiative of the Uruguayan architects to organize the class and promote discussion of current and common problems, ranging from the countries of North America (USA, Canada and Mexico) as those of the South, such as Brazil, Chile, Argentina and Peru. These connections, however, have a greater complexity to this scenario include large companies specialized in construction building system of reinforced concrete. The entanglement of these implies the seizure of an articulated exchange between mainland Europe and the US and among the American countries. German or Danish origin, these construction works undertaken that marked the landscape of major cities of the countries we studied the modernization: Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Therefore, we elected two companies: Christiani & Nielsen (Denmark) and GEOPÉ (Germany), being taken as a guide that part of the understanding of architecture as a technical assumption, stemming from the dialogue between the architect and the engineer. Investigates, through the agency of large construction companies in Brazil in Argentina, the development of new building systems, in particular reinforced concrete, as one of the protagonists' factors of architecture modernization between 1920 and 1940. The urban modernization had the following characteristics: the concentration of the main activities in modern urban centers, the renovation of the spaces of cities to adapt them to new labors and changing environmental awareness through new media, transportation and infrastructure. The basis of this scenario allows us to embrace the process of entering foreign construction companies in South America, in particular the cases of Brazil and Argentina. These firms specializing in the construction system were true experimental fields and, consequently, training able to create new aesthetic arising technical professionals. The performance of some of these professionals has been treated by other studies, but a gap remains: the role of construction companies in the architecture modernization. Based on the study of collections, such as the Danish origin of construction Christiani & Nielsen and German origin of construction companies operating in Argentina and Brazil, this article seeks to denote, in addition to those already described, when the threads entwine, draws a plot of modern construction based on principles of reinforced concrete.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.797
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0020.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0270.023

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.048
GPT teacher head0.255
Teacher spread0.207 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.

Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2016
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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