Effects of Shifting Cultivation on Understorey Rainforest Butterflies of Sarawak, Borneo
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effects of shifting cultivation on an understorey butterfly community in Sarawak, Borneo,were assessed by comparing the species composition of primary forest with areas subjected to shifting cultivation at various known times in the past. Species richness projected to 50 hours of sampling effort is highest in primary forest, lowest in young secondary forest of 15-24 years since cultivation, while old secondary forest cultivated 100 or more years ago has intermediate values. Butterflies in most groups analysed are more abundant in primary forest than secondary forest, although a few groups show the opposite trend. When comparing the biogeographic ranges of species, the proportion of species restricted to primary and old secondary forest is highest amongst species with a high level of endemism, while species found in young secondary forest tend to have larger ranges. While primary forest appears to have the highest conservation value for butterflies, old secondary forest is also important. Conservation implications and the need for further work are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".