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Record W7143802483 · doi:10.4314/mcd.v19i1.1

Alfred Crossley and Alfred Grandidier: An enduring mystery of early natural history collecting in Madagascar

2024· article· W7143802483 on OpenAlexfundno aff
Ian Tattersall

Bibliographic record

VenueMadagascar Conservation & Development · 2024
Typearticle
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicAfrican history and culture studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersMcGill University
KeywordsGeographerNaturalismNatural historyReading (process)GeologistNatural (archaeology)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

During the mid-nineteenth century the English naturalist Alfred Crossley and the French geographer Alfred Grandidier both made seminal contributions to our knowledge of the natural history of Madagascar. But while Grandidier published voluminously on the island’s geography, ethnography, and fauna, Crossley has been almost completely written out of the record. Indeed, apart from the few original specimen labels that have survived, much of the little we do know about him and his itineraries in Madagascar (key to the utility of his extensive collections) comes from the scattered hints in Grandidier’s publications and private notebooks summarized here. Even the nature of the relationship between the two naturalists, and the length of their acquaintance, remain obscure. In early 1870 Grandidier published new primate and bird species from the “forêts est d’Antsihanaka” on the basis of specimens lately obtained by Crossley somewhere southeast of Lake Alaotra; but although a close reading of Grandidier’s unpublished private journals indicates that both naturalists had been in very close proximity in the Alaotra basin in mid-October of 1969, it appears that they did not actually encounter each other there, and it remains a mystery how and under what circumstances Grandidier obtained Crossley’s Antsihanaka specimens – which, tragically, were almost certainly lost soon thereafter in a warehouse fire in Réunion. Evidence exists that Grandidier respected the latter’s unique and extensive Madagascar knowledge and experience and subsequently sought Crossley’s advice. But it seems that ultimately the social barriers that separated the wealthy Grandidier from the impecunious Crossley precluded a potentially fruitful working relationship – and left the latter an important but frustratingly spectral figure in the history of natural history collecting and in the biogeography of Madagascar. Au milieu du XIXe siècle, le géographe français Alfred Grandidier et le naturaliste anglais Alfred Crossley ont tous deux apporté des contributions déterminantes à notre connaissance de l'histoire naturelle de Madagascar. Mais alors que Grandidier publiait abondamment sur la géographie, l'ethnographie et la faune de l'île, Crossley a été presque complètement effacé des archives. En effet, à l'exception des quelques notes sur des spécimens qui ont survécu, la plupart du peu que nous savons de lui et de ses itinéraires à Madagascar (clé de l'utilité de ses vastes collections) provient d’allusions éparpillées dans les publications et les carnets privés de Grandidier résumées ici. Les commentaires publiés par Grandidier suggèrent que Crossley a peut-être travaillé comme collectionneur à Madagascar dès 1865, bien qu'il n'y ait aucune preuve solide de cela avant 1869. De même, la documentation de Grandidier sur les voyages de Crossley cesse après 1872, même si l'on sait que les deux hommes se sont rencontrés aussi tard qu'en 1876, l'année précédant la mort du naturaliste anglais à Madagascar. La nature de la relation entre les deux naturalistes reste aussi obscure que la durée de leur connaissance. Au début de 1870, Grandidier publia de nouvelles espèces de primates et d'oiseaux (dont Cheirogaleus crossleyi et Bernieria crossleyi) des « forêts est d'Antsihanaka » sur la base de spécimens récemment obtenus par Crossley quelque part au sud-est du lac Alaotra ; mais bien qu'une lecture attentive des journaux privés non publiés de Grandidier indique que les deux naturalistes avaient été très proches dans le bassin de l'Alaotra à la mi-octobre 1969, il semble qu'ils ne se soient pas réellement rencontrés là-bas, et il reste un mystère comment et dans quelles circonstances Grandidier a obtenu les spécimens d'Antsihanaka de Crossley—spécimens qui, tragiquement, ont presque certainement été perdus peu de temps après dans l'incendie d'un entrepôt à La Réunion. Il existe des preuves que Grandidier respectait les connaissances et l'expérience uniques et étendues de Crossley à Madagascar, et qu'il a par la suite demandé ses conseils. Cependant, il semble qu'en fin de compte, les barrières sociales qui séparaient le riche Grandidier de l'impécunieux Crossley ont empêché une relation de travail potentiellement fructueuse – et ont fait de ce dernier une figure importante mais spectrale dans l'histoire de l'histoire naturelle et dans la biogéographie de Madagascar.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Qualitative · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.814
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.036
GPT teacher head0.263
Teacher spread0.227 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designQualitative
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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