Report of Lunar Farming Concept Study Working Group 1st: Past and present of space farming
Bibliographic record
Abstract
History of space farmingApproximately 60 years have passed since the United States and the former Soviet Union began space development using artificial satellites and manned spacecraft in the 1960s.In 2018, the International Space station (ISS) celebrated its 20th anniversary of operation.Humans have been trying to extend viable areas to the vicinity of the moon, the lunar surface, and Mars.Food production is the key technology needed to make long-term manned space activities sustainable with environmental control, automation, and recycling.The Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) encompasses these techniques, and the Bioregenerative Life Support System (BLSS) utilize organisms for life support systems.From the early stages of space development, the United States and Russia (including the former Soviet Union) have also actively addressed plant cultivation in space vessels.Plant research in space environments has been categorized into gravitational physiological research exploring gravity-sensing mechanisms and plant responses to light and gravity, space agronomic research with the goal of sustained crop production with agronomic approaches, and plant physiological research that has been mainstream in space using relatively small cultivation devices.Large-scale cultivation studies aimed at BLSSs have been conducted in laboratory facilities on earth.Terrestrial closed ecosystem cultivation facility research is being conducted by Russia, the USA, Europe, Japan, and Canada, or in cooperation.More recently, China has been actively conducting research.Fig. 2.1 shows a summary of the history of BLSS research 1) .Fig.2.1 History of bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) researchFig. 2.1 History of bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) research 1) 2.2 Use of algae In early life support technology research in space development from the 1950s to 1960s, research on oxygen generation and carbon dioxide removal was actively conducted using algae, such as Chlorella.However, the weight and electric power of the photosynthetic air regeneration system were not suitable for the short-term stay 8 8 JAXA Special Publication JAXA-SP-23-004E This document is provided by JAXA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.024 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".