The Events of Attacks on the Basmil by the Turks

The army of the Second State of Turkish Khanate attacked the Basmil twice in the first quarter of 8th century. The first attempt to subjugate was in the days of the second Qaγan Qapγan. Since the Basmil did not send their caravans to the Turks, the Turks attacked in 703, but the place where the Basmil lived is unknown. The second attempt was by the army of the third Qaγan Bilgä. His army chased the Basmil who had advanced on them and retreated, arrived in Bishbaliq and plundered them. But the date has not been determined.The earlier residence of the Basmil during the Sui to the beginning of Tang Dynasties has been ascertained. They were one of “Turkish Tribes Skiing on Wooden Horses” who were in the eastern or south-eastern regions of the Sayan Range in South Siberia. Later the Basmil migrated west to the northern boundary of the Altai Range and were subordinate to the son of Che-bi Qaγan. After Che-bi Qaγan was defeated by the Tang Dynasty, the Basmil gained power by trading with the Kirghiz and in Bishbaliq. Seeking more profit, the Basmil moved their center to Bishbaliq which was a large traffic center on the northern trade route along the Tian-shan Range. From Bishbaliq they used to send their caravans to the Kirghiz, the Turks and others, The tension between the Turks and the Bishbaliq Governor's Office, which was established against the Turks and others by the Tang Dynasty in 702, was the reason why the Basmil did not send their caravans to the Turks. Thus, in 703, the Turks attacked the Basmil in Bishbaliq.The outset of the second attempt began with an announcement of the Emperor Xuan-zong in 718 to attack the Turks by using many armies of both Chinese and foreigners. After sifting through and verifying many confused sources, it is clear that the announcement was acted upon by the commander-in-chief Wang Jun in the winter of 719, and the attack on the Turks was expected to begin in the autumn of 720. In autumn of that year (720), the Basmil marched alone from Bishbaliq to attack the Turks and returned home, seeing that no other army was coming. The Turks chased after them to Bishbaliq and plundered their people, domestic animals and their fort where their property had been kept. On their way home, the Turk army advanced through the Tian-shan and from Chi-ting through the Great Sea (Desert) Route to get to Gan-zhou and Liang-zhou, and defeated the army of Liang-zhou in September and November of 1210. Then they plundered many domestic animals of the Qi-pi and others there and went home.In conclusion, the nomadic tribe, the Basmil, was trading with many merchants and tribes at the traffic center Bishbaliq, sending their caravans to many tribes, and became an influential force in about the second half of 7th century to the first half of 8th century.１‐‐‐・

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