The Question of 'Space' in Media Studies : McLuhan, Innis and Global Condition
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper argues the question of 'space' on Media and Cultural Studies especially from Jody Berland's reconsideration to Toronto Communication School like Marshall McLuhan or Harold AJnnis. In addition, we consider her insight into the problem of Globalization between the USA and Canada. McLuhan was criticized as technological determinism from Raymond Williams. Berland, However, reconsiders McLuhan's media theory and Innis's communication theory in terms of her "cultural technologies" and "social space" . The concept of "cultural technologies" means the combination culture with technology that derived from dialogue with McLuhan. She called "social space" from reading of Henri Lefebvre's 'the production of space'. From this point of view, we discuss the emergency of Canadian culture by the impact on global American hegemony.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.017 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.009 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.016 | 0.064 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.027 | 0.037 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.011 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".