Catharus fuscescens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Catharus fuscescens (MGT): breeds in the USA and Canada and migrates in late August and early September to South America, where it overwinters between September and April. Literature and geolocation data suggest that many individuals depart from southeastern USA in the fall and fly over 1,500 km across the Caribbean Sea to northern South America,where they restore their energy reserves in coastal stopover grounds. Between the Caribbean coast and wintering grounds located 3,000 km to the south, there are many areas with suitable habitat in the Amazon Basin. They probably stop for multiple days during this route and can do so as many as two times (Bayly et al., 2012). This species' wintering grounds include the Amazon, Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest from the Southeast region of Brazil (Collar, 2005; Heckscher et al., 2011), but the south-central and southeastern regions of Brazil (Cerrado areas) were identified as its main wintering areas (Remsen Jr., 2001). Photographic and museum records confirm its presence in Brazil between October and April (WikiAves, 2016; MZUSP; MPEG). The return north from the wintering grounds is probably through the eastern Amazon Basin (Stotz et al., 1992). The highly seasonal occurrence pattern in RO (September to November) and afterwards in Manaus/AM (February to April) suggests that the species moves regularly in the Amazon. Recent geolocation data suggests that the species settles in non-breeding areas in South America – most of them west of the Central Brazil Shield – and then migrates to a second region in lowland Amazonia and on the Guiana Shield before returning north, probably induced by flood cycles in the southern Amazon Basin. Thus, this species has two wintering sites in the Amazon, perhaps following the local increase on food abundance associated with river levels in the Amazon Basin (Heckscher et al., 2011).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.145 | 0.073 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".