A Possible Brown Skua (<i>stercorarius Antarcticus</i>) on Sable Island, Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRRCT This paper considers characters of a skua photographed 13 May 1996 on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, which the authors identify as a possible Brown Skua (Stercorarius antarcticus), a species not yet confirmed in the western North Ariantic but recently documented by molecular evidence in the eastern North Atlantic.FIELD ENCOUNTER In mid-day on 13 May 1996, Lucas found a skua sitting on the beach at Sable Island, a 45-kin long crescentic sandbar some I60 km from the nearest mainland of Nova Scotia.This skua was approachable, to within about 5 m, allowing two photographs to be taken in full sunlight be[ore it stood up, took off, circled and flew away.Because of its overall bulk and dark ventral plumage-with what appeared to be warmer tones than had been observed on South Polar Skuas (Stercorarius macconmcki)--it was initially identified in the field as a Great Skua (S. skua).DISCUSSION SKUAS IN CANADIAN ATLANTIC WATERS Balch (19151) focussed attention of birders on summer presence of South Polar Skuas in North Atlantic waters.Although earlier fitemture indicates otherwise, three sum-mer (June-August) specimens in Canadian museums collected prior to 1980 in Atlantic Canada have been critically identified as South Polar Skuas (Michel Gossefin, National Museum of Canada, pers.comm.;University of Western Ontario [see below]).All Great Skua specimens have come from the Grand Banks: an immature in late August 1961 (D.McAlpine, New Brunswick Museum, pers.comm.) and several adults in September (M.Gossefin, pers.comm.).The Great Skuas listed for Sable Island by McLaren (1980) were not critically identified.Nova Scotian observers have attempted to distinguish the two species since at least the early 1980s.Since 1992, Lucas has studied six live Great Skuas on Sable Island at fairly close range and has found five tideline carcasses (two salvageable as specimens), all between September and January.These were identified by their bulk, presence of distinctly cinnamon or rufous underparts,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".