Brewer's Blackbird (euphagus Cyanocephalus) Breeding in South-eastern Minnesota

bred the;e.A male of the species was seen in the swamp on May 2, 1914, and one or more of the birds was observed there occasionally up to the time of finding the nest.The following may also be of interest in this connection.On June 29, 1914, one male and two female Red-winged Blackbirds were observed in a cattail swamp near Truro, Nova Scotia, and probably wit,bin the limits of the town.The birds were easily and positively identified and presumably were breeding there.I can find no previous record of the breeding of the species in Nova Scotia.--HARRISONF. LEWIS, Yarmouth.Nova Scotia.Brewer's Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) breeding in South-eLstern l•Iinne•ot•.--Ithas long been definitely known and of late years frequently recorded that Brewer's Blackbird regularly nest,s in considerable numbers in northwestern Minnesota, especially throughout the valley of the Red River of the North and the region immediately adjacent to the eastward.A few scattered observations confirm its occurrence as a migrant further east in the state: --White Earth, Becker Co. April 6, 1885, W. W. Cooke, (Rep.Bd.Migr.Miss.Vat.1888, pp.173-4); Bemidji, southern Beltrami Co., September 8, 1902, (L.O. Dart, MS.List); Parker's Prairie, southeastern Ottertail Co., "found here and breeds but is rather scarce during the breeding season," (Fred Barker, MS.List); and from still further eastwaxd comes to the Minn.Nat.Hist,.Survey a report from Rev. Styerin Gertkin thai "many" were seen on April 9, 1894, and "a small flock" on April 3, 1897, at Collegevilla, in eastern Stearns County, a locality about •Tffty miles south of the geographical center of the State.Dr. P. L. Hatch in his ' Notes on Minnesota Birds ' 1892, p. 286, has the following to say in regard to the breeding of this blackbird in Minneß sofa: "They breed abundantly along the Red River from Big Stone lake to the Canadian line, and eastwardly along the shores of the woodla•d lakes and streams to Mille Lacs in Crow Wing county, and less commonly considerably further south."But the latter, and most, important, part of this statement is unsupported by actual data and nothing up to the present time has been recorded to substantiate the presence of this blackbird east of the extreme western part of the State in the breeding season.Therefore the present circumstantial account. of a nesting colony of Brewer's Blackbirds at a locality only thirty miles west of the eastern boundary of Minnesota is perhaps worthy of being placed on record, more especially as it is, as far as I can discover, the most costern locality where it has been found nesting anywhere in its ravage.The place where the birds were found is a swampy meadow of some two hundred acres in extent, resulting from the drainage, a few years ago, of a shallow lake or slough, called Pahner's Lake, a famous resort in times gone by of many kinds of wild fowl and marsh birds.It lies close to the northern limit of the city of Minneapolis.The discovery of the colony was made by Mr. F. H. Nutter on May 13 of the present year, 1914, while surveying this lake bed.Mr. Nutter has for many years been an earnest and intelli-538

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