Bibliographic record
Abstract
Available from Information Canada, Ottawa 1971, Cat.No. R65-8/14.105 pp.Paper.$1.25.--Canada is probably the world leader in strong programs designed to study the problem of bird-aircraft collisions.In 1963 the National Research Council of Canada founded the Associate Committee on Bird Hazards to Aircraft, and since 1965 the committee has sponsored diverse research aimed at reducing the hazards that bird movements pose to aviation.This report documents the type and quality of the research being conducted.It contains seven papers concerned with the general nature of the habitat management techniques found useful in reducing bird hazards at airports, the radar techniques used to gather data for experiments in forecasting bird hazards aloft, and details of some types of bird movements revealed by radar.The first paper entitled "Bird control and air safety" by V. E. F. Solman gives a brief history of the bird hazards problem, discusses some effective solutions, and makes projections for the future.The solutions seem effective (e.g., Air Canada's cost of repairing bird-strike damages declined by nearly 80 percent in a 10-year period from 1958 to 1969).W. W. H. Gunn and V. E. F. SoLman contribute the second paper which appeared in slightly different form in "The problem of birds as pest" published by Academic Press in 1967.The paper outlines an early warning system to alert aircraft in flight to hazardous bird migrations.The system would utilize an extensive network of ground-based surveillance radars and a roster of biologists, organized in the same manner as duty meteorological forecasters.Forecasts would be issued every 6 hours and updated every 3 hours.The system hardly seems practical, but if established it would certainly inject new life into the sagging job market in the biological sciences.Two papers in the report concern goose migrations.The first by M. T. Myres and S. R. Cannings is based on radar and direct visual observations and deals with Canada Goose movements in spring in British Columbia.The.paper presents interesting data on the influence of weather on the quantity of migration and the height of movements over different topographical features.The finding that Canada Geese fly over the mountains of southern British Columbia at altitudes up to 15,000 feet should be of particular concern to aviation interests in the area.The second goose migration paper
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.478 | 0.411 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".